A Mormon List Electric
SUMMER 2003
Prices include FREE shipping & insurance.
HERE is the closest thing to a catalog that I have issued
in three years, since Mormon List 65 (August 2000). With the advent
of eBAY, general computer ownership, and websites everywhere (not to mention
a dramatically changing economy and customer profiles), my sales have become
more individual, more digitized, more private.
This may not be a "Mormon List 66," but it offers much better illustrations than the paper series - plus the same careful listings and hands-on attention to your questions and orders. Items are returnable within a few days of receipt for any reason (although that almost never happens).
Click on the thumbnail pictures below to see larger illustrations, then use the links beside the pictures to return to the same entry you were reading. Arm the computer; browse and buy when ready . . .
——————————
". . . Mormonism . . . keeps its obnoxious
features in reserve – hidden
beneath a mask—and only gradually to be revealed
as they can be tolerated by the disciple . . ."
[ADAM-GOD] Lengthy, presumably original editorial in the Portland Transcript (newspaper, Portland, Maine) for Saturday, June 3, 1854 [XVIII:8].
Folio, paged [57]-64 (8 pages). Removed from a binding. Browning and faint dampstains, but not too worn.
(order item #1): $60
Twenty column inches by the editor (Edward H. Elwell) complain about the "tenets of mormonism" on page 62. The history of the sect is fairly well known, writes Elwell, but not so with its peculiar doctrines, based on a recent article in the Edinburgh Review. Polygamy, polytheism, and materialism - even anticipating animal sacrifices in future temples - all form a part of deeper Mormon doctrine, according to this writer.
While some Latter-day Saints may imagine that the Adam-God doctrine was merely some oblique misinterpretation by modern anti-Mormons of a passing phrase or two in the Journal of Discourses, that doctrine was certainly not missed by writers of the time, as we see in the newspaper now at hand:
It has been lately revealed by President Brigham that the God of our earth is Adam, who was only another form of the Archangel Michael. And to prove that polygamy has a heavenly sanction, Brigham Young shrewdly says, "when our father Adam came into the garden, he bro't Eve, one of his wives, with him!"
This long complaint concludes with the same overly-optimistic prognostication seen in so many commentaries of the mid-nineteenth-century . . .
It is not possible that these absurd and degrading doctrines will long continue to delude even the most ignorant. There will be a reaction. Those who have resided in Utah tell us that the younger citizens do not inherit the faith of their fathers. A race is growing up which laughs at the plates and prophecies of Joseph. These will naturally grow up in complete scepticism, opening a new field for Christian missionaries. Mormonism may itself, shorn of its absurdities, gradually subside into a Christian sect, or become peaceably metamorphosed into a form of civil government.
Modern trends in LDS public relations seem to play down the concept of eternal progression to Godhood. A century and a half ago, however, informed "gentiles" considered this to be an integral part of Mormonism, as reflected by Mr. Elwell . . .
Another point of their belief is that God is a "material personage, possessing both body and parts. He eats, he drinks, he loves, he hates, and he cannot occupy two distinct places at once." He has a local residence "in the planet Kolob." He is not the Creator, but literally the Father of mankind. He was himself once a man, and has attained his present superiority by continual progression. Man may thus also progress, until he becomes what God now is, who will then be still further advanced in power and glory. In proof that man will ultimately possess the power of God, Parley Pratt says—
"What will man do when this world is filled up? Why, he will make more worlds, and swarm out like bees from the old world. And when a farmer has cultivated his farm and raised numerous children, so that the space is beginning to be too strait for them, he will say, My sons, yonder is plenty of matter, go and organise a world and people it."
This doctrine of indefinite development naturally passes into Polytheism. Accordingly the Mormon theology teaches that these are Gods innumerable, with different degrees of dignity and power.
A separate blurb on page 63 mentions that "The Mormons have great facilities for preserving their meat. The water of Salt Lake is as strong as brine, and only needs to be poured into barrels in which meat is packed, to preserve it."
[Beadle, John Hanson. Life in Utah; Or, the Mysteries and Crimes of Mormonism . . .] Conditions for Life in Utah; or, the Mysteries and Crimes of Mormonism. Being an Exposé of their Secret Rites and Ceremonies; . . . [National Publishing Company, ca. 1870].
Small broadsheet advertising handbill listing the price of the book "In Extra Fine English Cloth . . . at $2.75 per Copy" or "In Fine Leather, (Library Style,) . . . at $3.25 . . ." On the back is a blank line for the agent to sign and leave with the potential customer. "To avoid delaying the Agent, whose time is valuable, subscribers are requested to be prepared with the price of the book on its presentation by the Agent."
8 X 15 cm. (approximately 3 X 6 inches). Printed on the front and back. Condition essentially as new.
(order item #2): $20
Describing the famous anti-Mormon potboiler as having 540 pages (the first edition), these ephemeral advertising pieces would date from ca. 1870 and are bright and well preserved. Disclaimer: I obtained a small quantity of these, so more than one may be sold.
The Book of Mormon . . . Salt Lake City [c. 1920; at bottom of final page: "Press of Zion's Printing & Publishing Co., Independence, Jackson County, Mo, U.S.A."].
18½ cm. [4]ff., 568 pp.+ list of "A few Interesting Book of Mormon References" printed on front flyleaf.
(order item #3): $45
Flake 693 or similar ("cannot" spelled correctly on page 298). Original black cloth, gilt-lettered spine. In pleasing, clean condition but for old stake mission ownership stamps on the final back flyleaf & pastedown. Some people would call this a "fine" copy, but let's save that word for really spectacular examples.
[CARICATURE] Puck (illustrated newspaper, New York) for December 28, 1881 [X:251].
Quarto (34 X 26 cm.), paged [261]-[276] (sixteen pages). Front & back pages and centerfold printed in color. Some wear, and separating; the Mormon centerfold nearly fine.
(order item #4): $75
Click on the thumbnail image at left to view three illustrations.
The large color centerfold of this issue (11 X
18½ inches + margins) is an elaborate political cartoon showing the 1882 New
Year baby hovering over the earth with assorted scandals and political squabbles
in America. Dead center, its body wrapped among the Brooklyn Bridge and various
swindlers, is a hissing snake labeled, "Mormonism." It is drawn
by J. Keppler, and is beautifully reproduced in color (much reduced in size)
in Gary L. Bunker and Davis Bitton, The Mormon Graphic Image, 1834-1914
. . . (Salt Lake City, 1983), page 107.
[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. HYMNAL] Rev. H. D. Jenkins. "The Mormon Hymn Book." Article in Our Monthly (Cincinnati) for December, 1870 [II:12].
25½ cm. Paged [377]-450, [iv (general title & contents)] + ads. Original light blue front (only) printed wrappers. Backstrip perished and gatherings separated; partly unopened.
(order item #5): $45
Yes, this issue is falling apart. However, a most unusual and intelligent article (pp. 420-26) analyzes the artistic and theological aspects of the LDS hymn book. Rev. Jenkins gives a precise description of the book and binding itself, allowing one to identify it as Flake 1769 or -70. A choice contribution!
[Danish converts] Jørgen W. Schmidt. Oh, Du Zion I Vest. Den Danske Mormon-Emigration 1850-1900. København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1965.
24 cm. [2]ff.; [7]-270 pp. + plates & folding map. Orig. illustrated wrappers. Moderate wear. Unopened.
Scarce and impressive work, with bibliographic checklists and great illustrations; cited by Flake as a reference used, p. 813. In Danish, but with the foreword, table of contents, and promotional blurb in both Danish and English
(order item #6): *SOLD $65*
The Danish mormon-immigration 1850-1900 illustrated by the immigrants' own letters and diaries and of what was written by the press and in the literature, also descriptions of 23 »pre-railroad« immigrant-groups and glimpses of the history of Utah. With a bibliography on Danish literature for and against Mormonism. [verso of title page]
150-year-old lithograph
[FORT BRIDGER]
"FORT Bridger. Black's Fork of Green River."
Lithographed
illustration plate taken from Howard Stansbury's
Expedition to the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah (Philadelphia,
1852; image lithographed by "Ackerman" on Broadway, New York City).
Single leaf, verso blank. The image measures 11½ X 19½ cm. (4½ X 75/8 inches; complete leaf measuring a little over 5½ X 8¾ inches). In excellent, clean condition, printed on good paper. Click on the thumbnail image above to view two illustrations.
(order item #7): $65
Would be nice on a wall, and it is small enough to frame inexpensively. It shows the famous fort as known by the early pioneers:
. . . Captain Howard Stansbury . . . arrived in August 1849 to conduct a government survey of the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake. When the Saints first heard of Stansbury's expedition, they were apprehensive about its military and political implications, fearing another invasion of their rights. However, once the mission of the Army Corps of Engineers was made clear, Brigham Young cooperated fully and Albert Carrington, a Mormon, was hired by Stansbury to superintend the chain line. Stansbury's published report included the first accurate maps of the two valleys and much important scientific information about plant and animal life in the Great Salt Lake region. [James B. Allen and Glen M. Leonard, The Story of the Latter-day Saints (SLC, 1976/86), pp. 254-5]
The 1847 pioneers first saw Ft. Bridger on July 7. Some traded for buckskins to replace their worn-out clothing. Entries in Brigham Young's diary over the next few years highlight the significance of this fort to the people of the region.
the "ghost" fort, faked by Harper's
[FORT BRIDGER] "Part of the Camp at Fort Bridger." WOODCUT ENGRAVING depicting Johnston's army at the fort during the Utah War. On a leaf taken from Harper's Weekly (New York) for Saturday, January 30, 1858.
One folio leaf, paged 71-2. Evenly toned. Edges somewhat uneven or worn, and priced accordingly. Can still be matted for presentable display. Click on the thumbnail image below to view three illustrations.
(order item #8): $37.50
The top of this page is dominated by an imposing three-quarter-length engraved portrait of Albert Sidney Johnston (of "Johnston's Army").
Also present is part of an article entitled, "The Utah Expedition.—[From
our own Correspondent.]" It
is dated from "Fort Bridger, U. T., December 1,
1857." "We are at present encamped on Black's Fort [sic],"
explains the correspondent,
in the vicinity of and around Fort Bridger. This fort is an old trading-post, owned by a Major [Jim] Bridger, who has been in these parts for many years. The commander has leased the fort, and is rebuilding and fortifying it, so as to provide a safe retreat in case of disaster. In a very short time it can be rendered impregnable. In many respects the locality is admirable as a basis of operations. There is round the fort plenty of wood for fuel, and the stream contains excellent water. As to distances, we are 113 miles from Salt Lake City . . . ; as it is, the Mormons have the advantage of us; their cavalry arm is excellent, their horses strong and well fed, their guerillas indefatigable. They hover round us, trying to pick up stragglers, stampede cattle, and burn trains; and so long as they keep out of gun range they are safe.
The engraver cheated
when he created this illustration, evidently imagining the late 1857 appearance
of the fort from the illustration in Stansbury's Expedition (1852).
Add some soldiers, tents, a little snow, and what have you got? A scene created
out of whole cloth.
In fact, the Mormons had burned Ft. Bridger to the ground two months earlier, at the beginning of October 1857! And where is the stone wall which had been erected recently (and of course did not appear in Stansbury's 1852 illustration) ? I am grateful to Utah War historian William P. MacKinnon who confirms my suspicions above in e-mails of June 2003. He writes:
The stone wall around Ft. Bridger was a cobblestone and mortar affair built in the spring of 1857 as a defensive measure by Lewis Robison, quartermaster general of the Nauvoo Legion and Brigham Young's agent in the Fort Bridger-Green River area for years. The stones were taken from the bed of Black's Fork. After the fort was burned, the only structure left standing was the scorched wall, which had tarps thrown over it to serve as the roof for a sort of warehouse to protect the army's supplies, which were unloaded from the contractors' wagons. Also, Albert Sidney Johnston had several "lunettes" built atop the wall at the corners on which artillery pieces were mounted so as to command the approaches to the fort.. . . . .The tents are [also] wrong...what appears in the image are the standard army "A" or wall tents, but all of that changed once the Utah Expedition reached Bridger in Nov. 1857 and they unpacked for use by the troops the new Sibley tents -- conical, tepee-shaped shelters that were being field tested for the first time. There's no mistaking them.
So Harper's may well have received a letter from Bridger dated 1 Dec. 1857, but it didn't get any images.
[Grant, Heber Jeddy
(Church President, 1918-45)] Compliments of Grant Bros Company. Telephone No
211. . . . Livery and Transfer,
Salt Lake City, Utah. [Heber J. Grant, Presdt. . . . Hall &
O'Donald Lith. Co. Topeka]. N.d., but ca. 1891.
(order item #9): *SOLD $275*
BI-FOLD CARD printed in colors. 14¼ X 8½ cm. (5½ inches tall). [4] pp. Very good, evenly toned. Light wear but quite presentable, the two halves re-joined along the inside of the backfold using Japanese tissue. Click on the thumbnail image to view illustrations.
Intended particularly for tourists, delineating basic history and statistics of the city and territory. Salt Lake City has 600 telephones and 52,800 people. In 1890, real estate transfers totaled $21,759,004.00.
The Temple.—The corner stone was laid April 6, 1853. It is 200x100 feet; height of walls, 100 feet; middle towers on east end will be 200 feet high. Built entirely of granite, part of which was hauled by team 22 miles, one stone at a time. It is to be finished in 1893, at a total cost of $4,000,000.
Located at 40-46 S. West Temple Street, the Grant Brothers Company boasts "The Largest Livery Barns west of Chicago. For Carriages and Light Livery. Special Attention to Tourists and Visitors." Each page has a nice engraving, the outside pages showing Temple Square with horse-drawn carriages and the Grant Brothers Building, in color, and on the inside, views of Brigham Young's grave and the "Gardo House. Residence of Brigham Young."
Acquired from an old collection, this rare Grant handout is something I have not seen before. "Apostle Grant is pre-eminently a business man," wrote Andrew Jenson in 1901 (without mentioning the Livery company documented by the present card),
and would doubtless have devoted his days to financial affairs exclusively, if the call to the Apostleship had not changed the trend of his life from its natural course . . . His business maxims are: Promptness in keeping appointments and in fulfilling promises. He always aimed to give value received to those who employed him, and since he became an employer, he has always sought to treat his employees with respect and consideration. [LDS Biographical Encyclopedia I:148-9]
Hartranft, Rufus C. GUIDE TO THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Compiled by Rufus C. Hartranft. Presented by the Local Committee for the use of Members attending the Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in Philadelphia, September, 1884. Philadelphia, 1884.
15½ cm. [1 (title)]f., 126, [14 (blank “Memoranda”)] pages + 2 folding illustrations. Original grayish-green printed front (only) wrapper detached and worn, but present. The text block itself - not counting worn front wrapper (and missing back wrapper) is in fine condition.
(order item #10): $85
Not in Flake. How many copies of this one-time meeting-participants’ guide to Philadelphia do you expect would have survived? There is at least this copy, and in the section listing churches for visiting scientists to attend, both Brighamite and Josephite Mormons are thoughtfully considered on page 82:
Latter-Day Saints (Mormon, Joseph Smith, Jr., Branch), Anti-Polygamous.–Church, N. E. cor. Ninth and Callowhill sts.
Mormon, Polygamous.–Congregation, Caledonia Hall, Pine st. ab. Second.
Think of it! In 1884, the Association for the Advancement of Science
was willing to list the location where any of its polygamous Mormon members
might attend church while in Philadelphia. Quite remarkable.
Hofmann, Mark. AUTOGRAPH, signed "Mark W. Hofmann 1-6-86 My left hand" on a sheet of my business stationery. [Salt Lake City], January 6, 1986.
(order item #11): *SOLD $1,000*
One page, 8¼ X 8½ inches. Fine. Rare cursive
signature in his naturally awkward left hand, written while his right hand
was mending from his own bomb explosion. From the period at home, between
the bombings and the preliminary hearing. Click on the thumbnail image
at right to view three illustrations.
::Also signed:: by Shannon P. Flynn ("Truth will prevail") December 17, 1985,
::and:: by Brent Lee Metcalfe, January 15, 1986,
::and:: with an outline drawing of a salamander in red ink by Lyn Jacobs, the end of the tail forming his initials, "LRJ," March 16, 1986.
Signed at my request on the dates noted (the dates also written by the individual signers).
The three friends of Hofmann (victims discussed in most of the books about the forgery/murders) signed this sheet when we still believed the man to be innocent of forgery and murder. The late Dr. Jacobs, who had been working on an original home-crafts style "stained glass" window portraying Joseph Smith, the white salamander and Angel Moroni, left off that project shortly afterward, when evidence finally emerged which could not be doubted.
NOTE: I had a number of these signed at the same time, but have only sold one example, several years ago, and retain the others. Being manuscript, each example is naturally somewhat unique. In addition, Jacobs drew the salamander on each one in a different color. This is therefore the "red salamander" version.
As an avid . . . collector of autographs, Mark Hofmann must have sensed an ironic parallel situation when he signed this piece of paper that day . . .
All things considered, the autograph of Lord Nelson, another great adversary of Napoleon, is not so rare as the collector might expect. . . . Nelson lost his right arm at the Battle of Tenerife in July 1797. He learned to write quite well with his left hand, but the two hands are extremely distinctive: the normal hand slants strongly to the right; the left hand has a backward slant. [Jerry E. Patterson, Autographs: A Collector's Guide (NY, 1973), p. 157]
"All are at liberty to select
new partners if they choose;
and many have chosen." p.6
The Home Missionary (pamphlet-format monthly newspaper, New York, published by the Executive Committee of the American Home Missionary Society) for May, 1846 [XIX:1].
23 cm. 24 pp. Original green wrappers printed on all sides. A nice-looking copy, although text shows dampstains & foxing. "Hon D Mack" neatly penned in upper margin of front wrapper.
(order item #12): $45
A report entitled, "Mormon atrocities," sent in by Rev. A. B. Robbins from Bloomington, Iowa, occupies four column inches, and complains of the corruption among nearby Mormons who "are now receiving their endowments. The Lord having accepted the temple, as they say . . ." One aspect of their new-found "power from on high," explains Robbins, ". . . is the power to dissolve the marriage covenant." Dejected Mormon wives ". . . now come to the 'Gentiles,' and in the bitterness of their souls inquire, 'What shall we do? our husbands have left us and taken young wives, and we and our children are left destitute.'"
One woman, we read, educated and formerly pious, has embraced the system to the point of abandoning her husband and only child in order "to seek out a 'spiritual [husband],' for California."
[Howe, Eber D., printer] Report of the Engineer, to the Directors of the Ohio Rail Road Company, March 20, 1837. Painesville: Printed by Howe & Jaques, 1837.
23½ cm. 16 pp. Original printed glossy lavender wrappers. Unopened and uncut. Nearly fine; foxing. On September 30, 1837, someone could not resist writing the name of "Rice Harper Esqr, Richmond City Ohio," over and over again, covering the back blank wrapper. The writing is very nice, due in part to the fine, slick surface of the paper. He adds, along the edge of the page, "By virtue of an Execution . . . $37500." I'm sure some final document was the better for this practice session.
(order item #13): $300
American Imprints 46071; T. R. Thomson, Check List of Publications on
American Railroads before 1841, 1706. Intelligent detailed cost estimates
by R. Higham for a line to run from the state line west across the north,
through Painesville, Cleveland, and other towns to the Maumee River (where
it would undoubtedly connect with the line completed the previous year from
the Toledo area into southeastern Michigan). Click on the thumbnail image
at left to view the larger illustration.
Printed by the man who, three years earlier, published the landmark anti-Mormon source compilation, Mormonism Unvailed (Painesville, 1834). There is no Mormon content in this railroad pamphlet. Howe-ever, I was willing to pay $200 as a dealer to assure that it would be preserved and recorded in LDS circles. It is worth my price as an early railroad piece, and does double duty as an interesting specimen from the hand of the man who brought us the Spaulding theory and some of the most important early accounts of the Smith Family in Palmyra. The Panic of 1837 was eminent, and the "Ohio Rail Road" was not built as proposed. At the moment this pamphlet appeared, Joseph Smith, a few miles away, faced the first of countless financial court actions which would ultimately inspire him to skip town by night and flee to Missouri.
This pamphlet is curious in two regards. First, the bottom margins are very generous in some sheets, and the text rather short on the page, on all sheets. Yet the wrapper printing arrangement dictates nearly the full length seen in this uncut copy, forcing some text leaves to be shorter than the covers. In other words, the shorter leaves of text are on paper which does not reach the bottom level of the printing seen on the front wrapper.
Second, like an Ohio antimasonic publication which I spotted and attributed to Howe's press years ago (based on content, typography and other factors), this pamphlet is sewn into the wrappers with a single narrow stitch in the center of the backfold. Such a technique is quite unlike that used to sew most such publications of the time. (Compare to Proceedings of the Ohio Antimasonic State Convention, Held at Canton, Ohio. On the 21st and 22d days of July, 1830. [caption title] N.p., n.d. [Painesville, Ohio? Eber D. Howe? 1830?]. 21 X 12½ cm. 16 pp.)
[Howe, Eber D.] See also item 42 (Seymour, S[tephen]. P.)
". . . through some mysterious influence he was acquitted by a Mormon jury." p. 4
[Indian murders] . . . Hooper & Williams, Livingston, Kincaid & Co., Gilbert & Gerrish, and Others. {To accompany Bill H.R. No. 720.} May 18, 1860. Mr. Walton, from the Committee of Claims, made the following Report. The Committee of Claims, to whom was referred the memorial of H. S. Eldredge and Gilbert & Gerrish, and others, have considered the same, and report: . . . [caption title; at head: "36th Congress, 1st Session.} House of Representatives. {Report No. 521."] [Washington: Government Printing Office, 1860].
22½ cm. 5 pp. + integral blank leaf at the end. Removed from a binding, else nearly fine. Bright and clean.
(order #14 - includes the two items): *SOLD $185*
Not
in Flake; not in Fales
& Flake. I purchased this item a mere sixteen years ago,
and now hasten to catalog it for your possible interest. Do not be
afraid of a Government document. The content is excellent, and the condition
nice. It has no pretty picture, so I will give you one to go with it:
::together with::
[Illustration - Salt Lake City] "Interesting Facts About the Mormons. From Our Utah Correspondent." Two excellent half-page engravings of scenes in early Salt Lake City on a single leaf taken from Harper's Weekly (New York) for Saturday, December 4, 1858 [II:101].
Folio. Two pages on one leaf (781-2). The illustrations are both on one side of the leaf and are attractively hand-colored. Very good, and ideal for framing.
Prominent in the lower illustration is the substantial building of "Livingston, Kinkead & Co.," one of the firms named in the government document offered here. The photograph from which this engraving was made would have been taken near the time Judge Kinney wrote his letter to Washington on behalf of this firm and others which he had encouraged to forward money to the marshal (see below).
Other buildings illustrated are the Social Hall, Council House, Candland's Saloon, and another firm. What a rough-looking, muddy street! The back of this leaf has three columns of very colorful, descriptive text (but not the entire article, which began on a page not present here). According to the correspondent, tourists would arise in the morning from their beds at the saloon and go out to wash in the pure water running in the gutters beside the road. Brigham owned the saloon, we read - the only place where he would allow gentiles to board - and the patrons amused themselves observing David Candland's simpering manipulation of charges from day to day, sizing up the gentiles' maximum ability to pay.
Mr. Walton's Report explains that when Joseph P. Heywood was appointed Utah Territorial marshal in 1851, the federal government allowed him to give local merchants drafts on the US treasury in order to get cash to run the federal courts there. In other words, Heywood cashed checks at the local stores. Why the merchants accommodated him is not explained here. What is important, however, is that when the government later tightened up procedures, an overlap in the system left major Utah firms holding the bag. They had advanced the money, partly on the word of federal Judge John Fitch Kinney, (1816-1902; Chief Justice for the Territory of Utah; Utah Territorial Delegate to Congress).
This entire document is instructive, but the supporting letter of Judge Kinney, dated from Washington, May 21, 1858, is particularly interesting. Here is a substantial excerpt . . .
In the spring of 1854 I accepted the appointment of chief justice of Utah Territory, and crossed the plains. In entering upon my official duties I found considerable business pending . . . A number of important criminal cases were tried before my court. One of the most important, the indictment against the murderers of Captain Gunnison and his party; one of Carlos Muny for the murder of an Indian, together with other indictments against Indians wherein some seven whites had been murdered during the winter of 1855 and 1856 in the suburban portion of Utah valley, bordering Utah lake on the west. In one instance, wherein two whites and three Indians were killed in making arrests; these were United States cases. The business of the courts, pay of witnesses, grand and petit juries, and officers, involved a large expenditure of money.
Out of the settlements the country was in the hands of Indians, some of whom were hostile, and in many instances requiring a strong force to serve process and secure arrest. Particularly was this the case in serving writs against Indians, some of whom were indicted for murder, stealing, driving off cattle and horses—some six hundred having been driven off at one time in December, 1855, or January, 1856.
Muny, who was indicted for killing an Indian, had the reputation of being a most dangerous and desperate man. He had joined a band of Indians, marauders on the Humboldt, occupying a portion of country contiguous to the great thoroughfare leading to California, and who, the Indian agent, Garland Hunt [sic], informed me, was depredating upon the emigrants and inciting the Indians to acts of hostility. I instructed the marshal to take with him, at any reasonable expense, a sufficient posse to secure his arrest, and bring this notorious offender to justice. He accordingly summoned a posse of forty men, who went about four hundred miles, arrested, and brought this man to trial. He had previously been in fellowship with the Mormon church, and although the proof of his guilt was conclusive, through some mysterious influence he was acquitted by a Mormon jury. The expenses of all these courts in my district, as well as those of my brother judges, were paid, to a great extent, by Gilbert & Gerrish and other merchants in Salt Lake City, by advances to the marshal in behalf of the government, and receiving in return his drafts on the United States treasury. Without such advances the judicial wheels of the government would have been completely blocked. They frequently advised with me whether they would be safe in doing so, and I as often assured them that the government would certainly pay their demands without hesitation, believing, as I did, after the reappointment of the marshal in 1855, that the marshal had the confidence of the government, and that his accounts had been satisfactorily adjusted with the proper department.. . . . .I have looked over the petition of Messrs. Gilbert & Gerrish, now pending, and I hesitate not to say that I believe their demand to be just, and ought to be paid without further delay. These advances were made upon the faith of the government for government expenses incurred by the courts, and in many instances advised by the judges. The marshal having no funds of the government I regard it exceedingly unjust to delay payment. [pp. 3-5 (emphasis added)]
This was no small matter. The amount in question came to $57,840.28, which the Salt Lake merchants had advanced and waited for years for the government to repay. "However innocent Mormons may have been of involvement in the Gunnison affair," writes Will Bagley,
the fate of the murderers revealed how local religious authorities manipulated Utah's courts. Federal judge John Kinney directed the Mormon jury to acquit the defendants or find them guilty of murder. Instead the jury returned a verdict of manslaughter, following instructions from their religious leaders. The verdict demonstrated "that the authority of the Priesthood is paramount to the law of the land," Kinney complained to the attorney general. When the Pahvant convicts simply walked away from the territorial penitentiary and returned to Corn Creek, their escape did little to burnish the reputation of Utah's justice system. [Blood of the Prophets; Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows (Norman, Oklahoma: Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 2002), p. 46]
Kinney returned to his post in Utah, and worked within the system, often catering to Brigham Young when not arresting him for bigamy. He represented Utah in Congress 1863-5, moved to Nebraska, then California, and died in Salt Lake City on August 16, 1902.
"Louisa." Letter to friends in the Syracuse, NY, area. Chicago, May 9, 1884.
20 X 12 cm. 6 pages on 3 leaves (two of which are conjugate). Written in purple ink. Without cover or address. Very good.
(order item #15): *SOLD $40*
Rambling social correspondence, mentioning Syracuse, and "your Brother Jerome & his family I knew there when I lived in Lafayette I feel as if all the Cook family was my connection . . ." The following enigmatic passages appear on page [4, i.e., back page of the conjugate leaves], continuing along the upper margin of that page, and on the final page of the single leaf . . .
Yesterday I went & saw your Aunt Sleeper & her daughters . . . Your Aunt Sleeper is 88 & real smart goes all over the house up stairs & reads a great deal she is a very small woman & her daughter Mrs Jones is tall & a very plesant [sic] woman & her grand daughter is a lovely woman so sweet & genteel in her manner I think every one who know them must love them they said that Cornelia talked as if she was very poor & much cramped for money she told them that the family did not know if Mary was sealed to one of the men there but they thought she is she said Mary is a perfect tyrant in the family with them all . . .. . . . .Mrs D[arre ?] used to correspond with Mary but Mrs D[arre ?] was so very bitter against the Mormons that Mary droped them (they are spiritualists) . . .
From the context of the letter, it would appear that the writer means to say that Mary, the Mormon, dropped Mrs. D's family from her correspondence, and that Mrs. D's family were Spiritualists.
[Map] Arizona, Oregon, Washington, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada. Idaho. McNally's System of Geography, Map No. 17. 1865?
29½ X 23½ cm. (11½ X 9¼ inches). Hand-colored in pastel tones. Geography questions and exercises about California and Minnesota printed on the other side (p. 41). Moderate wear & soil, but presentable. Click on the thumbnail image below to view two illustrations.
(order item #16): SOLD
"Theirs is the only true church; they know this with absolute certainty."
[Missouri] Newark Daily Advertiser (newspaper, Newark, NJ) for Monday evening, November 29, 1841 [10:129].
Folio, [4] pages. Some foxing and light wear but presentable; disbound.
(order item #17): *SOLD $65*
An interesting letter from Iowa to the New York Sun is picked up on page two (10 inches of tiny type). The writer delineates Mormon doctrine on several points, and quite accurately - but the portions regarding Missouri sound wide-eyed . . .
6. Zion, or the New Jerusalem, is in Missouri, where the Savior is to appear, in a short time in person.. . . . .9. The prophet predicted eleven years ago, that Zion is to be built in Missouri in this generation.—But they have been dispossessed, and the city of their hopes lies desolate; still they are not withont [sic] hopes. Nauvoo, their principal city in this vicinity, contains 3000 inhabitants. Every one of a certain age is called on to bear arms; and the "legion of the Lord" is drilled twice a week, and it is the common belief that they intend soon to attempt to retake their claim in Missouri.
"A Mormon Trouble Brewing---Seditious Preaching in Salt Lake City." Front-page column in the Rochester Daily Democrat (newspaper, Rochester, New York) for Tuesday Morning, November 14, 1865 [33:504].
Large folio, [4] pages. Very good; moderate edge wear.
(order item #18): SOLD
A major and damning article twenty inches in length, printing "a few extracts" from "a long letter from Great Salt Lake City, Oct. 8th" by "A. D. Richardson, the well known Tribune correspondent, . . . making some important and startling revelations of a rebellious purpose among the Mormons."
Richardson begins by explaining that he has spent seventeen days in Salt Lake City, studying affairs in Utah. He insists that in the summer of 1865, Brigham Young left several prominent visiting interviewers with the distinct impression that polygamy was a secondary feature of Mormonism which would soon be allowed to die a natural death. "I do not say that he willfully deceived us; but he certainly gave us this idea." This is a reporter who is attempting to be accurate. "In this faith I endeavor to write of the people and leaders, with the utmost kindness;" he says,
to say nothing of their disloyalty in the past; nothing of the grave crimes alleged to have been committed in the name of the Church; . . .
But Brigham simply deluded us. Within a few hours after the interview with Mr. Colfax and his friends, he solemnized three Polygamous marriages. One of the bridegrooms was Mr. John Myers, keeper of Myers' Stage station at Bear Lake. The other parties will be named if the statement is authoritatively denied.
The public tone of all the leaders has radically changed. They preach that Polygamy is their religion, that they will adhere to it, living or dying, even by force of arms, if necessary; that the people and Government of the United States are their bitterest enemies, and desire to destroy them, but must be resisted to the death if they adopt violent measures. I have heard sermons here so disloyal that they brought the blood to my cheeks; . . .
According to the History of Brigham Young 1847-67 (Berkeley, California, c. 1964), pp. 355-6, on June 11, ". . . Hons. Schuyler Colfax, and Wm. Bross, and Messrs Albert D. Richardson and Samuel Bowes [i.e., Bowles] visited G. S. L. City, and were hospitably entertained. . . . On Sunday evening, 18th, Speaker Colfax delivered, to a large audience in the Bowery, G. S. L. City, an oration on 'The Life and Principles of President Lincoln.'"
So Richardson was there, as he claims. He continues his account by quoting from a sermon which he did not hear personally, but which seems to be a reaction to Colfax's oration . . .

August 28 was not a Sunday - perhaps the intended date was the 25th, one week following the future Vice President's oration in the Bowery. The pro-Southern Mormon bias reported above seems confusing when contrasted with Samuel Bowles' account. "In mid-summer of 1865," writes E. B. Long,
Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax, prominent newsman and reporter Albert Richardson of the New York Tribune, and leading editor Samuel Bowles of the Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican visited Salt Lake City. Bowles later wrote of an interview with Brigham Young in which he quoted the Mormon leader as saying, "'Now that peace is established, let all be pardoned,'" but he also told Bowles that "early in or during the war he would have disposed of the rebel chiefs who fell into the hands of the Government without mercy or hesitation. Had he been President when Mason and Slidell [Confederate Commissioners to Britain and France] were captured, he would have speedily put them 'where they never would peep,' and negotiated with England afterwards." Bowles said Young uttered this sentiment "with such a wicked working of the lower jaw and lip, and such an almost demon-like spirit in his whole face, that, quite disposed to be incredulous on those matters, I could not help thinking of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, of recussant Mormons, of Danites and Avenging Angels, and their reported achievements." [E. B. Long, The Saints and the Union; Utah Territory during the Civil War (Urbana & Chicago: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1981), p. 265, citing Samuel Bowles, Across the Continent (Springfield, Mass.: Samuel Bowles, 1866), p. 113]
On September 24, five of reporter Richardson's acquaintances attended a morning service at the Bowery and listened to Heber C. Kimball supposedly lie in order to inflame the congregation:
. . . Heber's remarks were intensely disloyal. Among other excuses for his bitterness, he said to his hearers; "Colfax told us that they had wiped out one National cancer, and were now about to remove the other; that we should not be permitted to stay here more than three years longer." This was a deliberate, unmitigated falsehood: Mr. Colfax never said anything of the kind; but such statements serve to embitter the people, who receive as Gospel truth whatever their leaders tell them.In the afternoon I found the Bowery densely crowded. Upon the platform sat [sic] (wearing his hat, which he seldom lays aside) and several other church leaders. The preaching, as it invariably is, was extemporaneous. Heber called up speaker after speaker, and all responded without hesitancy or preparation. * * [i.e., ellipses intended in the original newspaper text here] Though it was not stated in so many words, the plain, direct, only inference from the language was that if any possible attempt should be made to render the anti-Polygamy law operative, they would resist it by force of arms.According to statements published in the Mormon papers, and the concurrent testimony of all Gentiles, whether in civil life or connected with the army, the Mormons are perfecting their military organization, which extends throughout the territory, drilling the people, and, of late, with peculiar earnestness and zeal, obtaining all the arms and ammunition they can purchase from discharged soldiers, miners and others.. . . . .The Church of Rome, in its palmiest days, never expected and received more perfect allegiance from its followers than is rendered to Brigham. No Mormon jury could be empanneled [sic] which would convict of polygamy—indeed, of anything—contrary to the mandate of Brigham. Hence the law is not only a dead letter, but a scoff and a bye-word. . . .
[Nauvoo] "The Mormon War." Action-packed article in The Union (newspaper, Saco, Maine) for Wednesday, October 8, 1845 [1:36].
Folio, [4] pages. Very good; a medium edge wear.
(order item #19): $65
The article occupies 3½ column inches on the second page . . .

Mormon murder on the way West?
[Pioneers] Tri-Weekly Ohio Statesman. Daily During the Session of the Legislature and Tri-Weekly the Balance of the Year. (newspaper, Columbus, Ohio) for Wednesday, June 2, 1847 [I:116].
Listed on eBay March 11, 2005 (seven-day sale)
Folio, [4] pages. A very good, clean copy, the two leaves neatly trimmed and separated from one another. Bearing a manuscript subscriber designation at the top of page one:
Hon D. Tod
David Tod (1805-68; Governor of Ohio 1862-4), hopefully got this paper! This was the year he went to Brazil as U.S. ambassador, returning in 1851. He was a founder of the Youngstown iron industry, and president of the Cleveland and Mahoning Valley Railroad through the final decade of his life.
A scarce Midwestern newspaper, with a scandalous report on page three from St. Louis regarding the actions of 1847 Mormon pioneers heading West . . .

fresh from Salt Lake, a month after the fact
[Pioneers] Rochester Daily Advertiser (newspaper, Rochester, New York) for Wednesday Morning, August 25, 1847 [Volume XX].
Folio, [4] pages. Some toning and moderate edge wear.
(order item #21): *SOLD $125*
Readers of this newspaper knew of the first Mormons in nearby Palmyra, and would have read this very recent news with interest (page 2, column 5). Notice that this purports to be first-hand reporting, based on original letters just received. If I felt entirely certain of that, the price would be higher.

[Polygamy] The Burlington Free Press (newspaper, Burlington, VT) for Friday Morning, August 25, 1865 [XXXIV (New Series XII):8]
Large folio, [4] pages. Very good; moderate edge wear. Disbound from a volume, the two leaves nearly separated from one another.
(order item #22): $45
"Polygamy in Utah.—Mr. Samuel Bowles writes to the Springfield, Mass., Republican from Utah . . ." (page 2, columns 2-3; 12 column inches of small type).
This is an early report, before the book. Bowles and Schuyler Colfax (future Vice President under Grant) traveled from Atchison, Kansas, to San Francisco, May 21 - July, 1865; see Flake 767, note on Bowles' Across the Continent: A Summer's Journey to the Rocky Mountains . . . (Springfield, Mass., and NY, 1865). Here is a sampling from the lengthy correspondence preserved in this paper:
". . . There are several cases of men marrying both mother (a widow) and her daughter or daughters—taking the 'old woman for the sake of getting the young ones; but having children by all. Please cipher out for yourselves how this mixes things. More disgusting associations are known—even to the marrying of a half-sister by one Mormon. . . . and it is safe to predict that a few generations of such social practices will breed a physical, moral and mental debasement of the people most frightful to contemplate. . . .
". . . The Mormon religion is an excellent institution for maintaining masculine authority in the family; and the greatness of a true Mormon is measured indeed, by the number of wives he can keep in sweet and loving and especially in obedient subjection. Such a man can have as many wives as he wants. But President Young objects to multiplying wives for men who have not this rare domestic gift. So there[,] there is no chance for you and me, my dear Jones, becoming successful Mormons.. . . . .
". . . Brigham, Jr., is mainly distinguished for his size and strength—he weighs 200 to 300 pounds, and is muscular in proportion. He has now taken one of his wives and gone to England with her on business for the church. The next son, John, is a poor and puny looking fellow, with several wives and an inordinate love for whiskey. Brigham's dynasty will die with himself. . . ."
[Polygamy]
A pair of classic views seen by millions of Americans in Harper's Weekly
at the beginning of 1875. Such pictures helped to prejudice the public
mind against the peculiar institution, with the result that if you are LDS
today, you are most likely not a child of plural marriage. Click on the
thumbnail image at left to view four illustrations.
These are LARGE ENGRAVINGS by Tavernier and Frenzeny. "Since 1857," write Gary L. Bunker and Davis Bitton,
no illustrated weekly, with the possible exception of Leslie's Weekly, had followed the fortunes of Mormonism more assiduously than Harper's Weekly. As interest in Utah, California, and other parts of the West mounted, Harper's commissioned two French artists, Paul Frenzeny and Jules Tavernier, to make detailed sketches of a transcontinental expedition beginning in 1873. Their woodcuts can be found sprinkled throughout the pages of Harper's from 1873-75, long after the completion of their assignment. Resembling Joseph Becker's earlier work for their competitor in terms of neutrality of tone, the illustrations were not nearly as callous as the accompanying text. "Mormons at the Communion Table" and "Brigham Young's Wives in the Great Mormon Tabernacle" appeared in 1874 . . . "Bringing Home the Fifth Wife" and "A Fresh Supply of Wives Out of the Settlements" and "Reading a Ukase" were published the following year. [The Mormon Graphic Image, 1834-1914 . . . (Salt Lake City, 1983), pp. 41-2]
TWO INDIVIDUAL LEAVES, each with modern hand-coloring, measuring approximately 11 X 16 inches, completely filled with the engravings except for captions, datelines, and suitable margins. A matched pair, the same size in very good condition. Frame the pair and send them to your mother-in-law.
Listed on eBay March 10, 2005 (seven-day sale)
A. "Bringing Home the Fifth Wife - A Sketch in Mormondom." On a single folio leaf taken from Harper's Weekly for January 2, 1875. Intermediate wives peer dubiously from behind the first spouse who glares at the newly-weds with a resigned expression, arms akimbo: they are not nearly so well attired as the latest addition! The children and a wagon driver look on. A simple but frameable illustration, revealing the popular image of Mormonism disseminated across the nation in this major household periodical.
B. "Mormondom—A Fresh Supply of Wives—Going Out to the Settlements." Mouths agape in songs of praise, a trio of smartly-clad young lovelies (looking like stylish, singing zombies) carrying an umbrella and purse strides down a rocky incline beside wagons which carry more women, with their trunks, and the men who have led them astray. A real eye-catcher.
[Polygamy] {Form of Oath for a Woman,} Territory of Utah, County of . . . N.p., 188- .
Oblong, partly-printed form, never used. 7½ X 21½ cm. (3 X 8½ inches), verso blank. Evidently removed from a stab-bound booklet of forms (and thus not necessarily the only example floating around, although I have never seen one). Very good; negligible light creases and minor dampstaining near the upper blank edge.
(order item #24): *SOLD $65*
I could research this all day long. In consideration of the modest price above, however, such a task will transfer to the next owner.
I, being first duly sworn (or affirmed), depose and say that I am over twenty-one years of age, and have resided in the Territory of Utah for six months, and in the precinct of one month immediately preceding the date hereof, [and I am a native born, or naturalized, or the wife, widow or daughter (as the case may be) of a native born or naturalized citizen of the United States.] I do further solemnly swear (or affirm) that I am not a bigamist nor a polygamist: that I have not violated the laws of the United States prohibiting bigamy or polygamy; and I am not the wife of a polygamist, nor have I entered into any relation with any man in violation of the laws of the United States concerning bigamy and polygamy. . . . Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of 188 . . .
Note.—The Registration Officer, or his Deputy, will erase from the clause between [brackets] such parts as are not applicable to the case. In every case the female must swear that she is over twenty-one years of age, otherwise she must not be registered.
[Postcards] Three early Utah postcards printed in color, never used
and in very good condition. Click on the thumbnail image at left to
view illustrations.
(order #25 - includes all three early postcards): SOLD
A. "The Oldest House in Utah. Built 1847." Pleasing color. Published in Salt Lake City by Frank H. Leib, no. 957. No date, but ca. 190- .
3¾ X 5½ inches. Unused, in very good condition.
Early 1900s (back side is a single section, undivided, suggesting pre-1907). A nice image of a familiar relic, as seen a century ago when only sixty years old, before it was moved to Temple Square.
::together with::
"Brigham Young's Statute [sic], Salt Lake City, Utah. N.p., n.d., but 190- .
Size as above. Very good. Never mailed, but with a pencil note in the address space, "From Mr Stacey, Nov 6. 1905." Image captioned in the negative, "Brigham Young Mon't. Salt Lake. Johnson. A."
::and::
"Tabernacle Organ and Choir. Salt lake City, Utah." [Salt Lake City: Souvenir Novelty Co.; Copyrighed [sic] by Utah Photo Material Co., 1913.
Size as above. Nearly fine, never used. Printed in colors and quite striking. Showing the smaller organ and the electric star "Welcome, Utah" sign which would look gaudy to later generations.
"The Reformation in Utah." Article in Harper's New Monthly Magazine for September, 1871 (No. 256).
25½ cm. Paged [481]-640 + ads.; illustrations throughout the text. Orig. wrappers. Untrimmed; wear to backstrip, etc.
(order item #26): $15
The anonymous article, pp. 602-10 traces Federal and civic efforts (by Godbe, among others) to break the theocratic stranglehold of Brigham Young. Concludes naively:
The future of Utah is very distinctly marked. Theocracy will pass away, and a republican State take its place, while ten years hence scarcely a relic of polygamy and the patriarchal system will remain. [p. 610]
Robbins, Irving W. An Investigation into the printing of the first Annual Message of Governor Brigham Young, Utah Territory, September 22, 1851 [caption title; large beehive device at top of first page]. [San Francisco: Designed and Printed by Lawton Kennedy. Presented to The Western History Association by Warren R. Howell, Irving W. Robbins, Lawton R. Kennedy, Salt Lake City, October 18, 1963].
Quarto, 28½ X 21½ cm. (11¼ inches tall). One large sheet folded twice to form [4] pages for text (the back of each blank, on the inside of the first fold). Printed in black and red on fine paper with deckle fore-edge to first two pages. Fine but for slight dents to the deep texture of the paper.
(order item #27): $45
Tipped onto the third page is a facsimile reprint of:
First Annual Message of His Excellency, Governor Brigham Young, to the Legislative Assembly of Utah Territory, September 22, 1851. Printed by Order of the Legislature. [caption title]. 20 X 14 cm., 4 pp.
Robbins discusses this rare early Utah imprint briefly, having compared it to a copy at the LDS Church Library, and calls it a "great historical document."
I firmly believe that this document is authentic in nature and provenance. It is neither a reprint nor a forgery. Several reasons seem to justify this conclusion.. . . . .In retrospect, I do not believe now that McMurtrie ever saw the copy being discussed. . . .
The pamphlet in question is Flake 9346. The facsimile shows two radically different-sized fonts used, which Robbins excuses from the hardships of the early Deseret News press which did the work, and was short on type. We now have more precise information on this imprint from Richard L. Saunders (Printing in Deseret . . .), entries 43a, b, and 44. However, the large pamphlet offered here is an attractive fine-press collectible, sporting prestigious names from the book world, and includes the useful facsimile of Young's entire four-page Message.
The
Saints' Advocate. . . . Plano, Illinois, March, 1879 [1:9].
23½ cm. Paged [81]-88 (complete issue). Unopened; uncut. Some light wear, but certainly a very good copy. One sheet, folded to form the 8 pages. Never bound, never cut open, never trimmed.
(order item #28): $40
Flake 7476, recording the full run extending from July 1878 - June 1886 (showing the full run at the RLDS library and incomplete holdings at the LDS library). Edited by W. W. Blair, published in the interest of the Utah Mission of the RLDS Church. The illustration at right shows a portion of page 88 . . .
cow town
[Salt Lake City] "Great Salt Lake City, From the North." Lithographed illustration plate taken from Howard Stansbury's Expedition to the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah (Philadelphia, 1852; image lithographed by "Ackerman" on Broadway, New York City).
Single
leaf, verso blank. The image measures 11½ X 19¾
cm. (4½ X 7¾
inches; complete leaf measuring approx. 5¼
X 8½
inches). In excellent, clean condition, printed on good paper. The image
was printed somewhat crooked on the leaf, which has also been trimmed, leaving
only a narrow margin at the top. Click on the thumbnail image at right
to view illustrations.
(order item #29): * SOLD $45 *
A delightfully primitive view of the city during the earliest pioneer years. If you raise cattle (or if you're just a suburbanite exhausted by Salt Lake City traffic), this picture belongs on your wall.
. . . Captain Howard Stansbury . . . arrived in August 1849 to conduct a government survey of the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake. When the Saints first heard of Stansbury's expedition, they were apprehensive about its military and political implications, fearing another invasion of their rights. However, once the mission of the Army Corps of Engineers was made clear, Brigham Young cooperated fully and Albert Carrington, a Mormon, was hired by Stansbury to superintend the chain line. Stansbury's published report included the first accurate maps of the two valleys and much important scientific information about plant and animal life in the Great Salt Lake region. [James B. Allen and Glen M. Leonard, The Story of the Latter-day Saints (SLC, 1976/86), pp. 254-5]
[Salt Lake City] "STREET IN GREAT SALT LAKE CITY - Looking East."
Lithographed illustration
plate taken from Howard Stansbury's Expedition to the Valley of the Great
Salt Lake of Utah (Philadelphia, 1852; image lithographed by "Ackerman"
on Broadway, New York City).
Single leaf, verso blank. The image measures 11¼ X 19½ cm. (approx. 4½ X 7½ inches; complete leaf measuring 5½ X 8¾ inches). In very good, clean condition, printed on good paper. The image was printed somewhat crooked on the leaf, which has also been trimmed, leaving the bottom and lower left margins narrow. Click on the thumbnail image above to view illustrations.
(order item #30): $45
Choice early view of the city during the earliest pioneer years. The famous width of the street is already well-apparent. The pavers will come later.
. . . Captain Howard Stansbury . . . arrived in August 1849 to conduct a government survey of the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake. When the Saints first heard of Stansbury's expedition, they were apprehensive about its military and political implications, fearing another invasion of their rights. However, once the mission of the Army Corps of Engineers was made clear,